10. High Jump

An athletic contest of jumping as much high as possible is called high jump. There are different methods of performing high jump, such as scissor method western role strudel, fusvery flap, etc.
The most important phases of high jump are the approach and take off. Bar clearance and safe landing are equally important for better performance.
i) The approach runt: The purpose of this run is to develop optimum horizontal velocity which can be controlled for conversion of horizontal momentum into vertical momentum. The direction of approach run is at angle of about 25° to 25° to the crossbar of the athlete who takes off on the left leg. A seven to nine stride accelerating run is sufficient for such approach.
ii) The take off: Our let leg should be placed near the crossbar for the action of take off. The free right leg should be lifted powerfully to change horizontal momentum is the vertical momentum of the body force. Immediately after lifting the right leg we must perform take off in the left leg with the co-ordination of arms action.
iii) The action in the air is also called flight, mid air action and crossbar clearance. In this action we roll our entire body over the crossbar. For this purpose, we move up our hips while we move down our head and legs.
iv) Landing: Landing is a process of falling on the sand after crossing the crossbar. During this period, we must contract and make hard to our right hand and to fall flat safely.

9. Long Jump

Long Jump is a simple leap forward. It is a popular event and a natural activity. A long sand pit can be constructed for the practice of long jump. Long Jump in a running position has four main stages:
i) The approach: This is between 30 to 40 metres in length. After running some distance very fast, attention should be given to the last three strides.
ii) The Take-off: The take-off is made from the take-off board which is approximately a metre away from the pit. The landing for take-off is made on the sole of the foot with the heel just lightly touching the ground.
iii) The Flight: During the flight both legs are lifted and kept apart. The legs should be forward and almost at level of the hips. Hands should be stretched forward. The back should bend slightly at the highest point of the jump, but just before landing both legs and hands should be placed forward.
iv) The Landing: The landing should be made on two legs. The body must be thrown forward beyond the point where the legs land.

8. Table Tennis

The origin of Table Tennis game is some what confusing. IT is believed that Table Tennis originated, must probably, in the 9th century in England. This game was initially played by the name of ‘Gossima’ which was renamed as ‘Ping-Pong’ deriving this word from the sound of the ball hitting the bat, but latter on in 1922 A.D. It was given the modern name of ‘Table-Tennis’. It is believed that ‘Sir James Gibbs’ in 1889 A.D. developed the modern game Table Tennis in England. Historian agrees that the game Table Tennis was started by the British Military officers and they introduced the game in other countries.
We can play the game in two ways:
i) Single Game: In singles two players take their position at each end of the table. The winner of the toss has the choice of ends or the option of serving or receiving first. The game start with the service whoever serves first must strike the ball so that it bounces once on their side of the net before it enters the opponents court. Thus, the period during which the ball is in play shall be termed as a ‘rally. While playing the game the player who first strikes the ball during a rally shall be termed as ‘Server’ and the play who next strikes the ball shall be called the ‘receiver’. During the play, if the player loses the rally the opponent scores a point, and after every two serves the service passes to the opposing side. Thus, the first player to score. Points win the game if there is a score of 10-all the service is executed alternately and the player first to score two points more than the opponent wins. A match is the best 2 out of 3, 3 out of 5 or 4 out of 7.
ii) Double Game: The double or mixed double game of Table-Tennis is played by four players. The team winner of the toss has the choice of ends or the option of serving or receiving first. The game starts with the service. In doubles the first two services shall be delivered by the selected partner of the pair who has the right to do and shall be received by the appropriate partner of the pair. In fact, the service is received b one opponent. The ball must then be struck by the server’s partner and then finally, by the receiver’s partner.

. Basket Ball

Basket Ball is major game which is now included in the Olympic Games also. It is a fast moving game. It can be played indoors and out doors. It is a team game in which every individual needs skills and speed.
The oretically, Basketball is a no contact sport. The game Basket Ball is played between the two teams of (5 in each team) in a rectangular field having the measurement of 28m.×15m. and divided by the centre line in two equal halves. The basket with open ended net are placed on the centre of the end line at each of the field with back board fixed high usually on a pole or wall.
As in other team games the team who wins the toss has the option to choose the side to the court. The referee starts the game by stepping into the centre circle with the ball. Two opposing players take their place in circle. The referee tosses the ball up into the air between them and once it begins its descent, both players attempt to tap in to their team members. The game clock is started when the ball is tapped the first time, and until such time all other players must remain outside the centre circle. One the player has gained control of the ball he may dribble, throw, roll pass or use various skills to score point. Each team scores point by throwing the ball into their opponent’s basket while preventing them from doing the same. In this process a goal from a free throw is worth one point, two points are awarded for a goal from the field and three point field goal area. During the game the ball is passed, thrown, tapped rolled or dribble in any direction on the court as provided for in the rules. Thus, both the team try to score the Basket.But if the ball goes out of boundary while scoring the opposite team can re-start the game by thrown in.
The game is played up to 40 minutes divided into two parts of 20 minutes. The interval of 10 minutes is given as half time. The game continues and team scoring more points wins the game.

. Kho: Kho:

Kho Kho is also an interesting game. We have practiced its different skills in grade sir and seven. We shall practice all those skills in the grade eight too. The game Kho Kho is played between two teams of 9 players. One of them is chaser team while the other team is call runner or defender. The turn of runner and chaser changes offer a fixed time. Eight players out of 9 chasers, sit on squares made in the centre lane. They sit in such a manner that adjacent chasers face alternately but they all face to the sideline. Runners make three equal groups. One grow up of runners enter into the court and the remaining two groups take their place in the lobby. The active chaser begins to chase and try to touch the runner inside the court on getting signed from the referee. He can touch and say ‘Kho’ to one of the remaining chasers to make him new active chaser succeeds in touching the runner, then his team gets one point. Second group of runners enter into the court in case all the runners of he first group are out. After nine minutes of the play the turn of chaser and runner changes and they are allowed to hold their position within 5 minutes. Again the play continues for 9 minutes. After interval of 9 minutes, they again play for 9/9 minutes. The team which sets maximum point, is declared winner.

6. Kho: Kho:

Kho Kho is also an interesting game. We have practiced its different skills in grade sir and seven. We shall practice all those skills in the grade eight too. The game Kho Kho is played between two teams of 9 players. One of them is chaser team while the other team is call runner or defender. The turn of runner and chaser changes offer a fixed time. Eight players out of 9 chasers, sit on squares made in the centre lane. They sit in such a manner that adjacent chasers face alternately but they all face to the sideline. Runners make three equal groups. One grow up of runners enter into the court and the remaining two groups take their place in the lobby. The active chaser begins to chase and try to touch the runner inside the court on getting signed from the referee. He can touch and say ‘Kho’ to one of the remaining chasers to make him new active chaser succeeds in touching the runner, then his team gets one point. Second group of runners enter into the court in case all the runners of he first group are out. After nine minutes of the play the turn of chaser and runner changes and they are allowed to hold their position within 5 minutes. Again the play continues for 9 minutes. After interval of 9 minutes, they again play for 9/9 minutes. The team which sets maximum point, is declared winner.

5. Kabaddi

Kabaddi is basically an outdoor game played in the tropical countries of Asia. This indigenous game, originated in India demands agility, muscular co-ordination breath holding capacity, quick responses and a great deal of presence of mind. This is the only combative sport in which offence is a group effort. The excitement and thrill provided by the game has made it very popular. The game requires no equipment what sever and the rules of the game are very easy to comprehend. Kabaddi may have been derived from the term ‘Kaunbado’ which means a challenge to the opponent. Some of the major forms of the game are Amar Gemini and Sanjeevini. Sanjeevini is the present from of Kabaddi in which players were put out and revived.
The basic equipments for Kabaddi are court for men measuring -12.5×10 metres for women and men below 50kg-11×8 metres and for junior boys and girls – 9.5×6.5 metres. Number of players in each team: 7 and number of substitutes in each team: 5.
We know that the game Kabaddi is played between two teams of 7 players. Among these players two pairs stand in the right and left side and the remaining three players stand in the middle part of the court. They catch hands of each other. The toss winner team sends one raider after all players take their position. The raider starts his ‘cant’ before he crosses the middle line. He tries to touch the antiraiders and they try to catch him. The raider must come back to his own court without losing ‘cant’.

4. Dodge ball

Dodge ball is a group’s game which develops the ability of catching, throwing and perfect passing skills in players. It is played in a fixed area having the measurement of lengths 20m. width and 10m. The game is played between the two teams having the players of 8/12 in each team are divided as court and line players. The court players take their position in their respective courts whereas the line players stand on the side and end lines of the opponent’s court.
The team that wins the toss is allowed to choose either the court or to start the game. The game begins with the umpire’s whistle. The team having the ball tries to hit the opponent, and for that they may pass the ball to his team mate inside the court or standing on the line through the dodge or direct pass. During the game if the player gets hit by the opponent he is sent out and he comes to stand on the line from the left, whereas one of the line players standing at the right side enters his court and the opponent secures a point. In this way, the game is continue up to 20 to 25 minutes.

3. Bat Ball

The play area is marked as in diagram. The game is played between two teams, each comprised of abut ten players one team being fielders and the other, bathers who are given a batting order.
A softball and softball bat are used. A Tennis ball and paddle may be used incase standard equipment are not available.
The pitcher, from the fielding side, stands on a platform from the batters box and pitches as in soft ball. The batter standing in the box hits the pitched ball towards the field. The first bounce off the bat, shall be beyond the one metre restricting line and shall be within marked play area. After batting the balter becomes a runner and has to run around a turning point, marked 15m. away from the batter’s box, and return and cross the line where the batter’s box is marked. When he does this he scores one run for his side. A second batter comes up and play is continued with the pitcher prtoning to the new batter.
The fielders field ball, pass it from player and attempt to hit the runner who of course dodges and avoids. A fielder cannot walk or run with the ball when it is in his possession. He is not allowed to keep the ball with him for more than three seconds. If the fielders succeed in hitting the runner, he is out of the game. A fly ball from batter, if caught, sends the batter out. When five batters are out, the team has to leave and an inning for them is over. The fielders them become batters and the batters become fielders.
In this way, each team plays five innings. The team scoring more runs is declared the winner.

. Volleyball

Volleyball is a game in which two teams on either side of a high net attempt to send the ball to the other side without letting it touch the ground. The game of Volleyball is one of the most popular games throughout the world, and especially in our country Nepal.
The game Volleyball was invented as an indoor game by William G. margan at Holyoak city in U.S.A. in 1895 A.D. Volley ball does not require a big space. The number of players are 12 in each team with 6 playing members and 6 extra players. For Volley ball the following facilities and equipment are required:
i) Playing Court: It is a rectangular court having the measurement of 18 m. length and 9m. width.
ii) Poles and Net: A pair of 2.55m. long poles and a net one metre wide and 9.50metre long is required.
iii) The Ball: A Volleyball either synthetic or made of leather is required. Its circumference should be 65 to 67 cm and weight should be 260 to 280 grams. Its colour should be a uniform light colour and the inside air pressure should be 0.40 to 0.45 kg/cm2.
Each game requires certain basic skills. This applies to Volleyball also. A few basic skills are discussed below.
i) Servicing: Service is the method of starting the game. The ball is hit from outside the court. It is sent from one end of the court across the net to the other court. It is of various types, eg. under and overhead floating, etc.
ii) Volleying: Volleying is receiving and lifting the ball up in the air above or at the forehead level by all the fingers of both the hands. While doing this all the fingers are spread a little above the forehead. The two thumbs are close together and the knees are slightly bent. While pushing the ball up, the knees are made straight so that an additional thrust is given to the ball.
iii) Digging: In order to start digging, the players stands with his knees, bent stretching both the hands in the front. The hands are under the ball.
There are many skills of Volleyballs such as: Setting, Blocking.

1. Football

Every body is fond of playing games. Football is commonly played in the cities where there are big playgrounds. It is also played in the villages. The game Football is played between two teams. Each team consists of eleven players. Both teams try to move the ball towards their opponent’s goalpost to make goals. For the purpose, they use the skills such as passing, dribbling, shooting, heading, trapping and many others. At the same time, the opponent team tries to defend the ball to prevent goal. So, players must know defensive skills also. The game is played for tow halves of 45 minutes. Ten minutes interval is provided in between tow halves. That team is declared winner, which scores more goals than the opponent team. A large field is required to play these games. A rectangular ground with the length of 120-90 m. Breadth 90-64 m. but inter national matches the length is of 110-100 m. and Breadth of 75-64 m. The height of the goal post 2044 m and length should be 7.32 m.
There are skills of Football. Some of them are follows:
i) Kicking: Kicking is most essential skill in Football. It requires the control of ball calculation of the distance and the direction towards which the ball has to be passed. The rolling Kick is two ways of kicking the ball.
ii) Trapping: It is a method of receiving the ball through various means and controlling the ball. It also means letting the ball rebound and control.
iii) Dribbling: It is the process of keeping the ball under control by a player while waiting to give a pass to a team mate or taking ahead on his own. It can be done in two ways short and long. There are many others skills of Football. Such as: heading, goal keeping, tracking and throw in. But kicking, trapping and dribbling are main.

Games

Games make us healthy. People play games. Indoor and outdoor are the two kinds of games. Indoor games are played inside houses but outdoor games are played outside in the open air. Chess, Ludo, Cards, are some of the indoor games. Volleyball, Hockey, Cricket, Football are some of the outdoor games. Outdoor games improve our healthy whereas indoor games exercise our brain. Outdoor games are needed for those who work with brain whole indoor games are needed for those who do physical work. Games provide knowledge and tricks. They exercise brain. Games, involving the muscles of the body are essential for growth and development. These are a physiological necessity. Games have great socializing influences.